A Study of the Incidence, Risk Factors, and Current Approaches to the Prevention and Management of Post Cesarean Section Wound Infections

Hussein, Ahmed Abdelnaby; Jebril, Muhammad Muhammad; Abdelmoaty, Muhammad Ahmed

doi:10.21608/aimj.2025.446540

A Study of the Incidence, Risk Factors, and Current Approaches to the Prevention and Management of Post Cesarean Section Wound Infections

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

10.21608/aimj.2025.446540

Abstract

Background: Post-cesarean wound infections significantly impact maternal health, prolong hospital stays, increase costs, and cause complications. Rising cesarean section (CS) rates heighten SSI risks, making understanding incidence, risk factors, microbiology, prevention, and management crucial for better outcomes.
Aim of the work: To provide a comprehensive analysis of post-CS wound infections, focusing on their epidemiology, associated risk factors, microbial aetiology, current preventive strategies, and evidence-based management approaches.
Methods: A narrative review of existing literature was conducted, analyzing studies on the incidence, risk factors, and clinical management of post-CS wound infections. Relevant data on microbiological profiles, antibiotic resistance patterns, and preventive measures, including surgical techniques and prophylactic antibiotic use, were reviewed.
Results: The incidence of post-CS wound infections varies widely, ranging from 3% to 15%, with higher rates in low- and middle-income countries. Key risk factors include obesity, diabetes, prolonged labour, emergency CS, and inadequate perioperative infection control. The most commonly isolated pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Effective prevention includes timely antibiotic prophylaxis, optimal skin preparation, and improved surgical techniques. Management strategies involve antibiotic therapy, wound care, and, in severe cases, surgical intervention.
Conclusion: Post-CS wound infections remain a major obstetric concern despite advancements in prevention and management. A multifaceted approach, including evidence-based perioperative care and antimicrobial stewardship, is crucial to reducing infection rates and improving maternal health outcomes. Further research is needed to refine prevention protocols and address emerging antibiotic resistance challenges.

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