Role of Transvaginal Ultrasound & Color Doppler in differentiation between Leiomyoma, Adenomyosis and Correlation with Postoperative Histopathology

Background: Adenomyosis and Leiomyoma are frequent disorders impacting women of reproductive age. Comparable clinical manifestations are seen in both conditions. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for the treatment of these two disorders. Aim: To show if there is a role for TVUS color Doppler in differentiation between Leiomyoma Adenomyosis and the correlation of that with postoperative histopathology. Subject and Methods: The research was performed at the outpatient clinic of the obstetrics and gynecology department, Al-Azhar University Hospitals, between October 1, 2021, and April 1, 2022, a time period of six months. Results: Sonographic morphological criteria showed that the US was able to detect Leiomyoma in 81 cases (75.7 percent) and Adenomyosis in 26 (24.3 percent). Doppler was successful in determining the diagnosis of Leiomyoma in 67 (62.6 percent) and Adenomyosis in 40 (37.4 percent). Biopsies performed on three patients revealed diagnoses of both illnesses, indicating that the disorders were present and coexisting. Conclusion: Due to the high degree of overlap between leiomyositis and Adenomyosis in terms of clinical symptoms and signs, determining which condition a patient is suffering from can be challenging. The results of this research show that TVS with Color Doppler is a useful screening method. In clinical practice, this non-invasive imaging technique appears to be the most helpful tool for diagnosing this condition, enabling optimal treatment to be selected. It is suggested that trials be conducted on a broader sample of cases.