Correlation of glycosylated hemoglobin with macular and choroidal thickness changes in diabetic patients

Authors

1 MBBCh, M.Sc. Ophthalmology, Al-Azhar University Faculty of Medicine CAIRO, EGYPT

2 Professor of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University (Cairo)

3 Lecturer of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Al-Azhar University (Cairo)

Abstract

Background: Diabetes is well identified to adversely affect all ocular tissues, diabetic retinopathy (DR) can manifest in many types as retinal hemorrhages, neovascularization, ischemia, and macular edema particularly among poorly controlled HbA1c levels and longstanding DM. Aim of the Work: is to evaluate the correlation of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with macular and choroidal thickness changes in diabetic individuals. Patient and Methods: an observational, cross sectional and non-coherent study established at Bab Al-Sharia University Hospital throughout the time period between January 2022 and January 2023. A total of 120 eyes of 61 subjects with type II DM were included in this study. Cases were subdivided according to their HbA1c levels into 3 groups as follows: Category A: HbA1c < 6.5 %, Category B: HbA1c from 6.5 - 8 %, Group C: HbA1c > 8 %. Each subject was subjected to Macular & choroidal thickness measurement, HbA1c level measurement. Results: HbA1c level was statistically significant positively correlated with central macular thickness and average macular thickness among study groups. Also, HbA1c level was a statistically significant negatively correlated with sub-foveal choroidal thickness among study groups. There is a high significant variation between groups regarding central macular thickness and sub-foveal choroidal thickness. Conclusion: Improved diabetes management with HbA1c ≤ 6.5% may hinder the damage of choroidal vasculature and prohibit the development of DR. HbA1c level correlate positively with central macular thickness & average macular thickness. And correlate negatively with sub-foveal choroidal thickness.

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