Prevalence and Risk Factors of Acute Brain Injury In Polytrauma Patients

Authors

1 Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

2 Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Acute brain injury is a significant source of mortality in polytrauma patients. However, epidemiological data on ABI prevalence in polytrauma is limited. Aim: To investigate the Prevalence and risk factors of acute brain injury in polytrauma and to uncover the in-hospital mortality rates associated with acute brain injury in this population. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 80 adult polytrauma patients who presented to the Emergency and Critical Care Department of Sayed Galal Al-Azhar University Hospital. Demographic and clinical data were collected between January 2023 and December 2023. Results: We enrolled 80 polytrauma patients who is NISS > 18 admitted to the Emergency and Critical Care Department of Sayed Galal Al-Azhar University Hospital; they showed a mean age of 28.6±8.7 years old, males represented 70% of the included patients. Road traffic collisions emerged as the predominant cause of injuries, constituting 55%. The mortality rate was 35% of the included patients, and full recovery was reported in 30%. All of the non-survivors were shocked and had associated injuries compared to survivors. CPK was significantly higher among the deceased group compared to survivors. All non-survivors groups were indicated for ICU admission, and surgical interventions and showed positive CT and abdominal US findings. 15 Conclusion: Among all emergency department presentations, traumatic brain injury stands out as a widespread type of injury in polytrauma. It has a high rate of in-hospital mortality. Risk factors associated with mortality of TBI were vital instability, elevated CPK, and need for ICU admission.

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