Complement Activation and Cytokine Production and Their Relation to Cardiovascular Changes in Hemodialysis Patients

Authors

1 Professor of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

2 Professor of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

3 Prof. of Clinical Pathology, Military Medical Academy, Cairo, Egypt

4 M.Sc Internal Medicine, Al Galaa Medical Military Complex, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is a very consequential medical condition that has been identified as a significant concern in the field of public health, impacting a global population exceeding 2.6 million individuals. Despite notable advancements in hemodialysis treatments over the past few decades, individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) continue to have a substantial burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and face a heightened risk of mortality. Aim of work: Our study aimed at assessment of complement activation and cytokine production and their relation to cardiovascular changes in hemodialysis patients. Patients and Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in Dialysis Units in Al Hussein University Hospital. Over a period of 6 months (from 1st May, 2021 to 31st November 2021), 25 ESRD patient were included in the study as regard the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The current study showed that there was a significant increase in right intima media thickness (IMT) mean at the end of the study. Left IMT had a significant correlation with interleukin-6 (IL-6) at the start of the study after one hour of HD. IL-6 also correlated significantly with right carotid plaque, left carotid significant stenosis and left carotid calcification at the end of the study after none hour of HD. Complement 3d (C3d) had a significant correlation with ejection fraction (EF%) at the start of the study after one hour of HD. Conclusion: The current study showed that there was a continuous increase in IL-6 and C3d levels in hemodialysis patients. This means that complement activation and cytokine production were significantly related to cardiovascular (CV) changes in hemodialysis (HD) patients.

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