The Effects of high doses of Ultrasound on the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Ultrastructure of the Rabbit Retina

Authors

1 Vision Science, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt

2 Physics, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Certain patients experience reduced vision after cataract surgery, which is performed using the phacoemulsification technique that utilizes ultrasound energy to break up the intraocular lens. This method is commonly employed in these types of procedures. Aim: to assess the potential negative impacts on the retina following extended exposure to ultrasonic energy during phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Methodology: The animals used in the experiment were segmented into 4 groups, one of which served as the control. The remaining three groups were subjected to varying levels of ultrasound exposure, specifically 25, 50, and 70 watts. After this exposure, the retinas of the rabbits' eyes were examined using electroretinographic (ERG) and histopathological techniques. Results: Exposing the retina to ultrasound, similar to what happens during cataract surgery, caused permanent damage to the cells in all layers of the retina. In animals treated with the highest ultrasound power (70W) for 5 minutes, there was severe damage to the different layers of the retina, particularly the photoreceptor layer. The results of the ERG test showed a gradual decrease in the a- and b-wave amplitudes as the ultrasound power increased from 25W to 50W and then to 70W. Conclusion: The retina experienced harmful effects due to the heightened intensity of ultrasound.

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