Serum Interleukin-35 as a Non-Invasive Biomarker in Lupus Nephritis Patients

Authors

1 Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

2 Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Boys, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

3 Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

Abstract

Background: As one of the most significant organ manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lupus nephritis (LN) is classified as a subtype of glomerulonephritis. Aim and objectives: To assess serum IL-35 levels as a non-invasive marker in SLE cases without nephritis. Patients and methods: Using a random systematic method, this cross-sectional research was done on 80 cases selected from attendees of internal medicine clinics at Al Azhar University Hospitals. Cases were separated into three groups: Group (A): [Active group] 30 cases with current onset active LN, Group (B): [Inactive group] 30 SLE cases without renal disease and Group (C): [Control group] 20 patients of healthy matched age & sex as the control group. Results: There was statistically significant variance amongst (Group A and group C) and among (Group B and group C) concerning serum IL-35. There was a statistically significant difference between the active LN group and SLE patients without renal disease group regarding all renal biomarkers. Conclusion: IL-35 can be a biomarker for renal involvement in patients with LN. IL-35 expression was inhibited either directly or indirectly by a mechanism at some point throughout the progression of LN. Therefore, IL-35 exerts a beneficial influence on LN.

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