Effect of different contraceptive methods on cervico-vaginal cytology

Authors

1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

2 Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Background: The link between hormonal contraception and the growth of several cancers of the reproductive system in women has yet to be established. This study's goal was to assess the impact of different contraceptive methods on the cervico-vaginal smear at family planning outpatient clinic at Al-Zahraa university hospital and Zefta general hospital. Subjects and Method: We conducted a case control study with 276 women who met the inclusion criteria, all participants undergo Pap smear and evaluated according to the Bethesda system. The first group consistedd of 128 women who did not use contraception, while the second group was sub divided into 3 group’s women who used an IUD, 42 people who used a COC, and 41 people who used progesterone. The study was done in outpatient family planning clinics. Results:  statistically significant increase in ASCUS among COC users, significant increase in infection (NILM, NILM with metaplastic changes and NILM with reactive changes or clue cells) among non-contraception users. Conclusion: Hormonal contraceptive usage has been linked to an elevated risk of dysplasia, which raises the chance of developing cervical cancer. Incidence of ASCUS is higher in hormonal contraceptive pills user than non-hormonal contraceptive users. Incidence of inflammatory changes increased among IUCD users.

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