Evaluation of yolk sac diameter, gestational sac diameter, embryonic heart rate as prognostic factor of 1st trimester outcome

Background: Ultrasound at 5 weeks gestation reveals the yolk sac's hypoechoic centre and echogenic rim. Between 8 and 11 weeks of pregnancy, it expands and then disappears. Larger yolk sacs cause more miscarriages. Normal yolk sacs reduce first-trimester complications. A normal yolk sac predicts a 94% typical result. By 5 weeks, the embryonic heartbeat is visible. The fetal heart rate rose from 118 to 167 beats per minute between 6 and 10 weeks. An embryonic heart rate (EHR) of 100 BPM is abnormal and related to an 83.3% loss rate early in pregnancy (6-9 weeks). Aim: Does Assessment of gestational sac diameter, yolk sac diameter, and embryonic heart rate could serve as prognostic factor of 1st trimester result? Subject and Methods: This cross-sectional investigation involved 100 pregnant cases who were among 6 and 12 weeks along in their first trimester, in obstetrics outpatient’s clinic. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine – Al-Azhar University. Results: By running a Spearman correlation analysis, no significant relationship was found amongst YS & the consequence of pregnancy. The YS diameter was found to be a fair prognostic test where area under the curve (AUC) and P value was .086 statistically insignificant. By running a Spearman correlation analysis, a significant association was found among GS & the outcome of pregnancy. Conclusion: Pregnancy outcomes may be reliably and affordably predicted in the first trimester using the gestational sac diameter & the embryonic heart rate. YSD and pregnancy outcome had no association. Larger cohorts are needed to better predict first trimester outcomes.