Interleukin 27 and Interleukin 35 Expression and Clinical Significance in Newly Diagnosed Acute Leukemia Patients in Correlation with Cytogenetic Studies

Background: Among the many malignant diseases that impact people all over the globe, leukaemia stands out. In 2018, there were 437,033 cases of leukaemia and 309,006 deaths as a result of this disease, making it the tenth leading cause of death worldwide from cancer. While leukaemia can be found anywhere in the world, it is more common and deadly in industrialized industrialized nations. On the other hand, developing nations have a higher death rate. Aim and objectives: Using cytogenetic studies as a prognostic marker, this study aims to examine the expression and clinical relevance of interleukin 27(IL-27) and interleukin 35(IL-35) in patients with recently diagnosed acute leukaemia. Patients and methods: This is a case-control study was held at Al-Azhar University Hospital at Clinical Pathology Department from January 2021 to January 2024. The study participants were divided into two groups. Case group: included 50 patients of newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Control group: included 20 apparently healthy controls. Results: At a cutoff level of >548.5, IL-27 can distinguish between the cases and control groups with a sensitivity of 98%, specificity of 75%, PPV of 90.6%, and NPV of 93.7% (AUC=0.89&p-value<0.001). In addition, at a cutoff level of >4.1, IL-35 can distinguish between the cases and control groups with a sensitivity of 98%, specificity of 70%, PPV of 88.9%, and NPV of 93.3% (AUC=0.8, p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Potentially useful diagnostic and prognostic indicators for patients with de novo ALL include serum IL-27 and IL-35 levels. A worse prognosis is linked to their overexpression in ND ALL. Also, in ALL cases, we found a substantial correlation between the two cytokines.