Occult Hepatitis B Infection in Hemodialysis Patients

Authors

1 Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

2 Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a clinical condition that is caused by a definitive alteration in the structure and/or function of the kidney. Aim: To evaluate the occurrence of occult Hepatitis B Virus infection in cases who undergo regular hemodialysis. Patients and methods: This cross sectional study conducted on 80 cases having regular hemodialysis (HD) with HBsAg negative at the nephrology unit, Internal Medicine Department Al Zahra University Hospital Al-Azhar University (Cairo) from (8/2023) to (8/2024) and they were classified According to HCV infection as following; There were 50 negative cases,15 cases positive HCV Ab and positive HCV PCR and 15 cases' positive HCV Ab and negative HCV PCR and those cases underwent the investigation by ( HBc IgG) test to detect the occult hepatitis B virus infection. Results: There was significant difference among studied groups regarding platelets and albumin, while there was no significant difference regarding hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cells, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and prothrombin time. The Bilirubin P-value (0.022) was significantly greater within group 2 compared to within groups 1 and 3. Conclusion: OBI is observed in 0% of HBsAg-negative cases undergoing hemodialysis, making it a rare global health concern. However, testing for HBV DNA is recommended due to its contagious nature and OBI activation after immunosuppressive conditions, making it beneficial to test for HBV DNA when possible.

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